@article{ref1,
title="Traumatic diaphragmatic injuries: a retrospective review of the 12-year experience at a tertiary trauma centre",
journal="Singapore medical journal",
year="2016",
author="Lim, Beng Leong and Teo, Li Tserng and Chiu, Ming Terk and Asinas-Tan, Marxengel L. and Seow, Eillyne",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: Traumatic diaphragmatic injuries (TDIs) are clinically challenging. We aimed to review TDIs treated at a tertiary trauma centre over a 12-year period. <br><br>METHODS: This was a single-centre retrospective review of adult patients with TDIs treated between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2014. Primary outcomes were mortality rates and Injury Severity Scores (ISS) associated with each TDI subtype. Secondary outcomes included proportions of TDIs diagnosed radiologically, operatively or during autopsy. We compared the TDI subtypes with respect to mechanism of injury, mortality rates and median ISS. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics. <br><br>RESULTS: Among 46 patients studied, the TDI subtypes noted were acute diaphragmatic herniation (n = 14, 30.4%), tears (n = 22, 47.8%) and contusions (n = 10, 21.7%). Among these TDI subtypes, mortality rate was in the range of 35.7% to 100%, while the ISS ranges for survivors and deaths was 22.0-34.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 6.5-23.0) and 53.5-66.0 (IQR 16.0-28.5), respectively. Patients with TDIs were identified via chest radiography (n = 2/33, 6.1%) and computed tomography (n = 6/13, 46.2%). All survivors (n = 21) and deaths (n = 25) underwent open surgery or autopsy, which confirmed TDIs. Blunt and penetrating traumas were more frequently associated with acute herniation/contusion and tear, respectively. There were statistically significant differences among the TDI subtypes with respect to their mechanism of injury, mortality rate and median ISS for survivors. <br><br>CONCLUSION: TDIs showed differing injury patterns with blunt versus penetrating mechanisms of injury, and were associated with significant mortality rates. Preoperative imaging had limited diagnostic use.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0037-5675",
doi="10.11622/smedj.2016185",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2016185"
}