@article{ref1,
title="Individual differences in Affective Neuroscience Personality Scale (ANPS) primary emotional traits and depressive tendencies",
journal="Comprehensive psychiatry",
year="2016",
author="Montag, Christian and Widenhorn-Müller, Katharina and Panksepp, Jaak and Kiefer, Markus",
volume="73",
number="",
pages="136-142",
abstract="BACKGROUND: The present study investigated individual differences in the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS), representing measures of primary emotional systems, and depressive tendencies in two independent samples. <br><br>METHODS: In order to be able to find support for a continuum model with respect to the relation of strength in the cross-species &quot;affective neuroscience&quot; taxonomy of primary emotional systems, we investigated ANPS measured personality traits in a psychologically mostly healthy population (n=614 participants) as well as a sample of clinically depressed people (n=55 depressed patients). <br><br>RESULTS: In both normal and depressed samples robust associations appeared between higher FEAR and SADNESS scores and depressive tendencies. A similar - albeit weaker - association was observed with lower SEEKING system scores and higher depressive tendencies, an effect again seen in both samples. LIMITATIONS: The study is of cross-sectional nature and therefore only associations between primary emotional systems and depressive tendencies were evaluated. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These results show that similar associations between ANPS monitored primary emotional systems and tendencies toward depression can be observed in both healthy and depressed participants. This lends support for a continuum of affective changes accompanying depression, potentially reflecting differences in specific brain emotional system activities in both affectively normal as well as clinically depressed individuals.<br><br>Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0010-440X",
doi="10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.11.007",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.11.007"
}