@article{ref1,
title="Clinical factors and expenditures associated with ICD-9-CM coded trauma for the US population: a nationally representative study",
journal="Academic emergency medicine",
year="2016",
author="Dismuke, Clara E. and Bishu, Kinfe G. and Fakhry, Samir and Walker, Rebekah J. and Egede, Leonard E.",
volume="24",
number="4",
pages="467-474",
abstract="BACKGROUND: There is a lack of information on annual healthcare expenditures both per person and for the US population associated with trauma, as identified by ICD-9-CM codes. <br><br>METHODS: This paper employed a two part model to estimate the unadjusted and adjusted annual per individual expenditures and population burden of trauma exposure for the US population, using a nationally representative survey of medical care expenditures. In addition, we estimated a logit model to examine the demographic and comorbidity factors associated with the likelihood of experiencing trauma. <br><br>RESULTS: Approximately 18.2% of US adults were found to have trauma exposure during the survey year of 2011. The most frequent trauma ICD-9-CM code was Injury not elsewhere classified/not otherwise specified (NEC/NOS). Adjusted likelihood of trauma was higher among individuals under the age of 65, males, non-Hispanic Whites, non-married or never married, and individuals living with comorbidities of stroke, joint pain, arthritis and asthma. The most expensive of the top ten ICD-9-CM trauma codes was dislocation of the knee. Significant differences in expenditure categories were found for office-based, outpatient, ER, dental and other medical care. After adjustment for comorbidities and demographics, the adjusted per person burden of trauma was estimated to be $1,689 (95% CI $1,006-$2,372), with an incremental burden on the US population of $60.8 billion per year. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Trauma results in a significant health care expenditure burden, both per person and on the US population. Clinicians should be aware that individuals in the U.S. population with certain comorbidities such as stroke, joint pain, arthritis and asthma are more likely to have trauma, and that differences exist in expenditures for office-based, outpatient, dental and the ER. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.<br><br>This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1069-6563",
doi="10.1111/acem.13143",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acem.13143"
}