@article{ref1,
title="Association of functional impairments and co-morbid conditions with driving performance among cognitively normal older adults",
journal="PLoS one",
year="2016",
author="Carr, David B. and Barco, Peggy P. and Babulal, Ganesh M. and Stout, Sarah H. and Johnson, Anne M. and Xiong, Chengjie and Morris, John C. and Roe, Catherine M.",
volume="11",
number="12",
pages="e0167751-e0167751",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between key functional impairments, co-morbid conditions and driving performance in a sample of cognitively normal older adults. <br><br>DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: The Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University at St. Louis. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals with normal cognition, 64.9 to 88.2 years old (N = 129), with a valid driver's license, who were currently driving at least once per week, and who had participated in longitudinal studies at the Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. MEASUREMENTS: Static visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, physical frailty measures, motor skills, total medical conditions, and the modified Washington University Road Test. <br><br>RESULTS: When controlling for age, race, gender, APOE, and education the total number of medical conditions was unassociated with both road test scores (pass vs. marginal + fail) and the total driver error count. There were marginal associations of our measure of physical frailty (p = 0.06) and contrast sensitivity score (p = 0.06) with total driving error count. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Future research that focuses on older adults and driving should consider adopting measures of physical frailty and contrast sensitivity, especially in samples that may have a propensity for disease impacting visual and/or physical function (e.g. osteoarthritis, Parkinson's, eye disorders, advanced age >80 years, etc.).<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1932-6203",
doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0167751",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167751"
}