@article{ref1,
title="The role of drug and alcohol use and the risk of motor vehicle crashes in Shiraz, Iran 2014: a case-crossover study",
journal="Traffic injury prevention",
year="2017",
author="Soori, Hamid and Jahani, Yunes and Dehghanian, Amirreza and Mousavi, Masoomeh and Khanjani, Narges",
volume="18",
number="6",
pages="573-576",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Traffic accidents and traffic-related injuries and mortality have become a major public health concern over the current years in Iran. This study aimed to examine the role of drug and alcohol use in motor vehicle accidents in Iran. <br><br>METHODS: This case-crossover study was conducted on 441 drivers who survived from a road traffic crash and were taken to the emergency department of Shahid Rajaee trauma hospital in Shiraz, southern Iran. Data were collected using checklists which included demographic characteristics and drug and alcohol use prior to driving. Alcohol and drug use was identified through self-report; and cannabis, morphine, and methamphetamine urine tests were also used to confirm drug abuse among drivers. <br><br>RESULTS: In total 17.9% of drivers reported using drugs (cannabis, opium, or metamphetamine) and 8.84% of drivers reported consuming alcohol prior to the collision. The crude OR of having a crash for opium, cannabis and metamphetamine were 1.94 (95% CI: 1.11-3.38), 2.37 (95% CI: 1.03-5.42), 5.5 (95% CI: 1.21-24.81) respectively; and for all drugs was 3.83 (95%CI: 2.28-6.43). The ORs for alcohol was 3.5 (95% CI: 1.73-7.06) based on self-report. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Drug and alcohol use are increasing the risk of traffic crashes in Iran. Risk-reducing programs must be designed and implemented.  Keywords: Cannabis impaired driving <p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1538-9588",
doi="10.1080/15389588.2017.1279736",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2017.1279736"
}