@article{ref1,
title="Suicide deaths with opioid poisoning in the United States: 1999-2014",
journal="American journal of public health",
year="2017",
author="Braden, Jennifer Brennan and Edlund, Mark J. and Sullivan, Mark D.",
volume="107",
number="3",
pages="421-426",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: To describe trends in suicides with opioid poisoning noted as a contributing cause of death. <br><br>METHODS: Using National Vital Statistics data (1999-2014), we calculated age-adjusted rates of suicide with opioid poisoning (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes T40.0-T40.4) per 100 000 population per year and annual percentage change (APC) in rates. We used Joinpoint regression to examine trends in suicide rates and proportion of suicides involving opioids. <br><br>RESULTS: The annual age-adjusted death rate from suicide with opioid poisoning as a contributing cause of death increased from 0.3 per 100 000 in 1999 to 0.7 per 100 000 in 2009 (APC = 8.1%; P < .001), and remained at 0.6 to 0.7 per 100 000 through 2014. The percentage of all suicides with opioid poisoning listed as a contributing cause of death increased from 2.2% in 1999 to 4.4% in 2010 (P < .001). Rates were similar for men and women, higher among Whites than non-Whites, higher in the West, and highest for individuals aged 45 to 64 years. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Opioid involvement in suicides has doubled since 1999. These analyses underscore the need for health care providers to assess suicidal risk in patients receiving opioids. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print January 19, 2017: e1-e6. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303591).<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0090-0036",
doi="10.2105/AJPH.2016.303591",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303591"
}