@article{ref1,
title="Factor structure of ImPACT® in adolescent student athletes",
journal="Archives of clinical neuropsychology",
year="2017",
author="Gerrard, Paul B. and Iverson, Grant L. and Atkins, Joseph E. and Maxwell, Bruce A. and Zafonte, Ross and Schatz, Philip and Berkner, Paul D.",
volume="32",
number="1",
pages="117-122",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: ImPACT(®) (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing) is a computerized neuropsychological screening battery, which is widely used to measure the acute effects of sport-related concussion and to monitor recovery from injury. This study examined the factor structure of ImPACT(®) in several samples of high school student athletes. We hypothesized that a 2-factor structure would be present in all samples. <br><br>METHOD: A sample of 4,809 adolescent student athletes was included, and subgroups with a history of treatment for headaches or a self-reported history of learning problems or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder were analyzed separately. Exploratory principal axis factor analyses with Promax rotations were used. <br><br>RESULTS: As hypothesized, both the combination of Verbal Memory and Visual Memory Composite scores loaded on one (Memory) factor, while Visual Motor Speed and Reaction Time loaded on a different (Speed) factor, in the total sample and in all subgroups. <br><br>CONCLUSION: These results provide reasonably compelling evidence, across multiple samples, which ImPACT(®) measures 2 distinct factors: memory and speed.<br><br>© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0887-6177",
doi="10.1093/arclin/acw097",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acw097"
}