@article{ref1,
title="Oral health and incident depressive symptoms: JAGES Project Longitudinal Study in Older Japanese",
journal="Journal of the American Geriatrics Society",
year="2017",
author="Yamamoto, Tatsuo and Aida, Jun and Kondo, Katsunori and Fuchida, Shinya and Tani, Yukako and Saito, Masashige and Sasaki, Yuri",
volume="65",
number="5",
pages="1079-1084",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: To determine whether oral health status predicts depressive symptoms in older Japanese people. <br><br>DESIGN: Longitudinal study. SETTING: Twenty-four municipalities in Japan. PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years and older who responded to mail surveys performed by the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study in 2010 and 2013 (N = 14,279). MEASUREMENTS: Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Multiple imputations were used to deal with missing data. After excluding participants with depressive symptoms (GDS ≥ 5) at baseline, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident depressive symptoms in 2013 were estimated using logistic regression models. <br><br>RESULTS: After adjusting for sex, age, educational attainment, equivalized household income, marital status, present illness, exercise, frequency of going out, and visits for dental treatment, the following ORs (95% CIs) were observed in simultaneously added oral health variables: 10-19 teeth (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.99-1.37, reference: ≥20 teeth); 1-9 teeth (1.14, 0.94-1.38, reference: ≥20 teeth); no teeth (1.28, 1.03-1.60, reference: ≥20 teeth); more difficulty chewing tough foods now than 6 months ago (1.24, 1.04-1.47); choking when drinking tea or soup (1.02, 0.84-1.23); feelings of thirst (1.17, 0.99-1.40); difficulty eating food (0.98, 0.80-1.21), difficulty speaking clearly (1.19, 0.89-1.60); problems with smiling (1.24, 0.94-1.65); problems with emotional stability (1.32, 0.86-2.04); and problems enjoying oneself around family, friends, or other people (0.86, 0.42-1.78). <br><br>CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that having no teeth and oral health problems may play a role in the development or worsening of depressive symptoms.<br><br>© 2017, Copyright the Authors Journal compilation © 2017, The American Geriatrics Society.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0002-8614",
doi="10.1111/jgs.14777",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.14777"
}