@article{ref1,
title="Violence before pregnancy and the risk of violence during pregnancy",
journal="Journal of Perinatal Medicine",
year="2018",
author="Globevnik Velikonja, Vislava and Lučovnik, Miha and Premru Sršen, Tanja and Leskošek, Vesna and Krajnc, Megie and Pavše, Lucija and Verdenik, Ivan and Tul, Natasa and Blickstein, Isaac",
volume="46",
number="1",
pages="29-33",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships among different forms of violence before and during pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An anonymous questionnaire (adapted NorAQ) was given to 1269 women after childbirth. <br><br>RESULTS: The response rate was 80% (n=1018). Different forms of violence were experienced by 46.9% of the women; 9.2% reported violence in pregnancy. Suffering from the consequences of violence was reported by 43.8% of the women; sexual (76.6%) and psychological (54.1%) ranked the highest. Past experience of any form of violence increased the risk of violence in pregnancy, violences experienced in adulthood even more than that in childhood [odds ratio (OR) 4.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.7-6.5 vs. OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-2.9]. The onset of violence during pregnancy is rare. Violence was most frequently exerted by the intimate partner. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Healthcare systems have access to most women of reproductive age, thus they have the unique opportunity to identify and adequately manage violence against women and its consequences.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0300-5577",
doi="10.1515/jpm-2016-0378",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2016-0378"
}