@article{ref1,
title="Computational approach to identify different injuries by firearms",
journal="Journal of forensic sciences",
year="2017",
author="Costa, Sarah Teixeira and Freire, Alexandre Rodrigues and Matoso, Rodrigo Ivo and Daruge Junior, Eduardo and Rossi, Ana Claudia and Prado, Felippe Bevilacqua",
volume="62",
number="2",
pages="361-368",
abstract="Complications arise in the analysis of gunshot wounds to the maxillofacial region, when neither the projectile nor the gun is found at the crime scene. We simulated 5- and 15-cm firing distances at a human mandible to investigate the external morphology of entrance wounds based on fire range. The ammunition models,.40-caliber S&W,.380-caliber, and 9 × 19-mm Luger, were constructed with free-form NURBS surfaces. In a dynamic simulation, projectiles were fired against mandibular body 3D model at 5 and 15 cm. All entrance wounds presented oval aspect. Maximum diameter and von Mises stress values were 16.5 mm and 50.8 MPa, both for.40-caliber S&W fired at 5 cm. The maximum energy loss was 138.4 J for.40 S&W fired at 15 cm. In conclusion, the mandible was most affected by.40-caliber S&W and morphological differences were observable in holes caused by different incoming projectile calibers fired at different distances.<br><br>© 2017 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-1198",
doi="10.1111/1556-4029.13387",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.13387"
}