@article{ref1,
title="Impact of depression on progression of impairment and disability in early Parkinson's disease",
journal="Movement disorders clinical practice",
year="2015",
author="Bega, Danny and Luo, Sheng and Fernandez, Hubert and Chou, Kelvin and Aminoff, Michael and Parashos, Sotirios and Walker, Harrison and Russell, David S. and Christine, Chadwick W. and Dhall, Rohit and Singer, Carlos and Bodis-Wollner, Ivan and Hamill, Robert and Truong, Daniel and Mari, Zoltan and Glazmann, Sofya and Huang, Meilin and Houston, Emily and Simuni, Tanya",
volume="2",
number="4",
pages="371-378",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Depression is one of the most common nonmotor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the impact of depression on progression of disease is unclear. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to prospectively characterize the relationship between depressive symptoms and measures of disease progression in a large sample of patients with early, medically treated PD. <br><br>METHODS: Baseline and longitudinal Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores from participants in the NINDS Exploratory Trials in PD Long Term Study 1 were correlated with changes in multiple measures of disease severity over 5 years. Multivariate analysis of predictors of change in BDI was performed. <br><br>RESULTS: Of 1,741 participants, 746 completed 5-year assessments and were included. Mean age was 62.00 years (standard deviation [SD]: 9.22) and mean disease duration was 1.69 years (SD, 1.16). Mean BDI score was 6.24 (SD, 5.02) at baseline and 8.57 (SD, 6.60) at 5 years. Baseline BDI score was strongly associated with rate of change in all examined measures of disease severity. In multivariate analysis, BDI 5-year change was associated with change in UPDRS Part I (excluding depression item; P < 0.01), 33-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (P < 0.01), EuroQOL Five Dimensional Questionnaire (P = 0.02), and Total Functional Capacity (P < 0.01), but was not associated with motor or cognitive measures. This model explained 68.8% of the variance 5-year change of the BDI score. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Worse baseline BDI scores are associated with a decline in multiple measures of disease severity in PD. Worsening of BDI at 5 years was associated with worsening in UPDRS Part I and quality-of-life measures, but not with motor or cognitive measures.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2330-1619",
doi="10.1002/mdc3.12205",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mdc3.12205"
}