@article{ref1,
title="Elevated C-reactive protein levels in women with bipolar disorder may be explained by a history of childhood trauma, especially sexual abuse, body mass index, and age",
journal="CNS and neurological disorders drug targets",
year="2017",
author="Moraes, Juliana Brum and Maes, Michael and Barbosa, Decio Sabbatini and Ferrari, Thais Zagabria and Uehara, Marcela Keikko Spagolla and Carvalho, André F. and Nunes, Sandra Odebrecht Vargas",
volume="16",
number="4",
pages="514-521",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether increased levels of high-sensitivity C- reactive protein (hs-CRP) observed in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) compared to healthy controls (HCs) could be influenced by a previous exposure to early life stress (ELS) independently from other explanatory or background variables, including age, body mass index (BMI), and the presence of co-occurring mental disorders. <br><br>METHODS: In this case-control study we included 142 healthy controls and 92 bipolar I and II patients. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was administered in a subset of 30 female patients with BD and 31 female HCs, and plasma hs-CRP was measured in all subjects. Multivariable models adjusted the data for the possible confounding variables. <br><br>RESULTS: Serum hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in patients with BD compared to HCs. However, after controlling for BMI, these differences were no longer significant. Around 55% of the variance in hs-CRP was explained by cumulative and independent effects of age, BMIand childhood trauma, especially sexual abuse. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that increased hs-CRP levels in BD patients are more related to childhood trauma, especially sexual abuse, age and BMI than to a diagnosis of BD per se. These data suggest that peripheral inflammation may underpin the well-known detrimental effects of childhood maltreatment and obesity in the course of BD. Hs-CRP data are difficult to interpret if they are not adjusted for effects ofBMI and age.<br><br>Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1871-5273",
doi="10.2174/1871527316666170407151514",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527316666170407151514"
}