@article{ref1,
title="Methodological contributions to the gender symmetry debate and its resolution",
journal="Journal of family violence",
year="2016",
author="Hamberger, L. Kevin and Larsen, Sadie and Campbell, Jacquelyn",
volume="31",
number="8",
pages="989-993",
abstract="The concept of gender symmetry in intimate partner violence (IPV) may be an artifact of three factors. 1) Methodology: Subject recruitment frequently excludes clinical samples. Cross-sectional designs negate the ability to evaluate recidivism and do not account for women's greater likelihood of leaving violent relationships. 2) Narrow Focus: Researchers focus on frequency of physical aggression, while excluding other types of aggression (e.g., sexual IPV, life-threatening violence, use of firearms), or the impact of such aggression (e.g., fear, depression, injury). 3) Measurement: Surveys are hindered by varying interpretations of seemingly face-valid items, effects of item instructions, and lack of multi-method assessment approaches. Strategies for addressing these problems and resolving the gender symmetry controversy are outlined.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0885-7482",
doi="10.1007/s10896-016-9873-4",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10896-016-9873-4"
}