@article{ref1,
title="Red-light running traffic violations: a novel time-based method for determining a fine structure",
journal="Transportation research part A: policy and practice",
year="2016",
author="Baratian-Ghorghi, Fatemeh and Zhou, Huaguo and Zech, Wesley C.",
volume="93",
number="",
pages="55-65",
abstract="In 2016, the monetary fine for a red-light running (RLR) traffic violation varies widely in the U.S., with a fine of $50 in North Carolina and as much as $490 in California. Currently, a scientific method for determining the monetary fine based on the safety impacts associated with such violations does not exist, thereby causing disparities in fine structures. This study develops a novel fine structure for RLR traffic violations based upon the estimated economic impact of potential crashes by RLR violations and estimated delays caused by providing all-red intervals to prevent potential conflicts. A physical model is developed to determine the crash probability at a discrete time after the traffic signal turns red. The Highway Capacity Software is also employed to estimate additional delay incurred by road users. Considering that the use of red-light cameras is increasing in the nation, while it is often criticized as a revenue instrument, policymakers need to develop an objective fine structure that closely reflects the risk a RLR vehicle poses to other drivers.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0965-8564",
doi="10.1016/j.tra.2016.08.015",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2016.08.015"
}