@article{ref1,
title="Neural biomarker and early temperament predict increased internalizing symptoms after a natural disaster",
journal="Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry",
year="2017",
author="Meyer, Alexandria and Danielson, Carla Kmett and Danzig, Allison P. and Bhatia, Vickie and Black, Sarah R. and Bromet, Evelyn and Carlson, Gabrielle and Hajcak, Greg and Kotov, Roman and Klein, Daniel N.",
volume="56",
number="5",
pages="410-416",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Although most people will experience a traumatic event at some point in their life, only some will develop significant psychological symptoms in the aftermath. In the current study, we use a preexisting longitudinal study located in Long Island to examine the impact of Hurricane Sandy on internalizing symptoms in a large sample of children. We focused on temperamental fear and a biomarker of risk for anxiety, the error-related negativity (ERN). The ERN is a negative deflection in the event-related potential (ERP) occurring when individuals make mistakes and is increased in anxious individuals. <br><br>METHOD: The final sample consisted of 223 children who had undergone an observational assessment of fear at age 3 years and an electroencephalogram assessment of the ERN at age 6 years. At the age 9 year assessment, internalizing symptoms were assessed, and then again after the hurricane (∼65 weeks later). <br><br>RESULTS: A significant three-way interaction among fearfulness, hurricane stressors, and the ERN in predicting posthurricane increases in internalizing symptoms suggested that children who were high in fear at age 3 years and experienced elevated hurricane stressors were characterized by subsequent increases in internalizing symptoms, but only when they were also characterized by an increased ERN at age 6 years. <br><br>CONCLUSION: These findings support a diathesis-stress model, suggesting that early temperament and prestressor biological markers confer risk for increased psychological symptoms following environmental stressors.<br><br>Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0890-8567",
doi="10.1016/j.jaac.2017.02.005",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2017.02.005"
}