@article{ref1,
title="Workplace bullying as a predictor of disability retirement: a prospective registry study of Norwegian employees",
journal="Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine",
year="2017",
author="Nielsen, Morten Birkeland and Emberland, Jan Shahid and Knardahl, Stein",
volume="59",
number="7",
pages="609-614",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine 1) whether bullying is related to all-cause disability retirement, 2) whether bullying contributes to the variance in disability retirement above high job demands and lack of job control, and 3) to establish gender differences in the relationship. <br><br>METHODS: Survey data from 14,501 Norwegian employees on exposure factors linked to registry data on all-cause disability retirement. <br><br>RESULTS: Bullying significantly predicted risk of disability retirement (hazard ratio = 1.55; 95% confidence interval = 1.13 to 2.12). This relationship remained statistically significant after adjusting for job demands and lack of job control. Women had the highest risk of disability, but both bullied men and women had a higher risk of disability than nonbullied employees of the same gender. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Bullying is a risk factor for disability retirement. Measures taken to prevent bullying may be beneficial for reducing both health problems and disability retirement.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1076-2752",
doi="10.1097/JOM.0000000000001026",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000001026"
}