@article{ref1,
title="Assisting frail seniors with toileting in a home bathroom: approaches used by home care providers",
journal="Journal of applied gerontology",
year="2019",
author="King, Emily C. and Boscart, Veronique M. and Weiss, Brett M. and Dutta, Tilak and Callaghan, Jack P. and Fernie, Geoff R.",
volume="38",
number="5",
pages="717-749",
abstract="Home care providers experience high occupational injury rates. Improving safety is becoming increasingly urgent as this sector expands to support the aging population. Caregivers identify assisting with toileting as a particularly frequent and difficult activity. This mixed-methods observational study identified and analyzed the toileting subactivities that place care providers at the greatest risk of musculoskeletal injury. Eight personal support workers (home care aides) assisted a frail older adult (actor) in a simulated home bathroom. Overall technique and body postures were analyzed. Exposure to musculoskeletal injury risk factors (low back loads and time in extreme trunk postures) was greatest when removing/replacing clothing and providing posterior perineal care; high loads were also possible during transfers. Exposures can be reduced by lowering the pants only to knee level or squatting to raise them. A bidet seat or attachment can perform perineal cleaning, which accounted for 32% of time in severe trunk flexion.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0733-4648",
doi="10.1177/0733464817702477",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0733464817702477"
}