@article{ref1,
title="Dissecting the complexities of the relationship between police officer-civilian race/ethnicity dyads and less-than-lethal use of force",
journal="American journal of public health",
year="2017",
author="Jetelina, Katelyn K. and Jennings, Wesley G. and Bishopp, Stephen A. and Piquero, Alex R. and Reingle Gonzalez, Jennifer M.",
volume="107",
number="7",
pages="1164-1170",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: To examine how sublethal use-of-force patterns vary across officer-civilian race/ethnicity while accounting for officer-, civilian-, and situational-level factors. <br><br>METHODS: We extracted cross-sectional data from 5630 use-of-force reports from the Dallas Police Department in 2014 and 2015. We categorized each officer-civilian interaction into race/ethnicity dyads. We used multilevel, mixed logistic regression models to evaluate the relationship between race/ethnicity dyads and the types of use of force. <br><br>RESULTS: Forty-eight percent of use-of-force interactions occurred between a White officer and a non-White civilian (White-non-White). In bivariate models, the odds of hard-empty hand control and intermediate weapon use were significantly higher among White-Black dyads compared with White-White dyads. The bivariate odds of intermediate weapon use were also significantly higher among Black-Black, Hispanic-White, Black-Hispanic, and Hispanic-Black dyads compared with White-White dyads. However, after we controlled for individual and situational factors, the relationship between race/ethnicity dyad and hard-empty hand control was no longer significant. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Although we observed significant bivariate relationships between race/ethnicity dyads and use of force, these relationships largely dissipated after we controlled for other factors. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print May 18, 2017: e1-e7. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303807).<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0090-0036",
doi="10.2105/AJPH.2017.303807",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303807"
}