@article{ref1,
title="Traumatic brain injury and depression in a community-based sample: a cohort study across the adult life span",
journal="Journal of head trauma rehabilitation",
year="2018",
author="Osborn, A. J. and Mathias, J. L. and Fairweather-Schmidt, A. K. and Anstey, K. J.",
volume="33",
number="1",
pages="62-72",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: To determine whether self-reported traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are associated with &quot;cases&quot; of clinically significant depression in the general community. To examine interactions between variables previously linked to depression after a TBI. SETTING: Population-based community study (Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia). PARTICIPANTS AND DESIGN: Three age cohorts: young, middle-aged, and older adults (aged 20-24, 40-44, and 60-64 years at baseline) randomly selected from the electoral roll and followed across 3 waves (4 years apart). A total of 7397, 6621, and 6042 people provided their TBI history in waves 1 to 3. MEASURES: Lifetime (TBIlifetime: sustained at any time since birth), recent (TBIrecent: in the preceding 4 years), and multiple (TBImultiple: more than 1) TBIs, current depression, and known risk factors for depression (age, sex, marital/employment status, prior history of depression, medical conditions, recent life events, alcohol consumption, social support, physical activity). <br><br>RESULTS: Generalized estimating equations demonstrated a significant association between sustaining a TBI and experiencing clinically significant depression (cases), even after controlling for multiple demographic and health/lifestyle factors. <br><br>CONCLUSION: There is an enduring association between depression and TBI, suggesting that, following a TBI, individuals should be monitored and supported to optimize their long-term psychological health.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0885-9701",
doi="10.1097/HTR.0000000000000311",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000311"
}