@article{ref1,
title="Mandated high school concussion education and collegiate athletes' understanding of concussion",
journal="Journal of athletic training",
year="2017",
author="Carroll-Alfano, Miriam",
volume="52",
number="7",
pages="689-697",
abstract="CONTEXT:   Concussions in student-athletes are a serious problem. Most states have enacted legislation mandating concussion education for student-athletes, under the assumption that education leads to better self-reporting of concussions and improved knowledge of symptoms. <br><br>OBJECTIVE:   (1) To determine the effect of state-based concussion legislation on the proportion of student-athletes receiving concussion education and to assess the moderation of this effect by gender and sport and (2) to assess the effect of concussion education on student-athletes' knowledge of concussion symptoms and likelihood of seeking treatment after a concussion. <br><br>DESIGN:   Cross-sectional study.  SETTING:   Private university.  PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS:   A total of 249 National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics collegiate athletes attending St Xavier University; 160 were surveyed prelegislation and 89 were surveyed postlegislation.  MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S):   Participants completed an anonymous survey that assessed previous involvement in concussion-education programs, degree of self-reporting after a concussion, and ability to enumerate symptoms. <br><br>RESULTS:   The number of athletes who reported having received education increased after the implementation of concussion legislation; however, almost 25% still reported not having received education. Athletes who played football were more likely to report having received education than those who played volleyball. The student-athletes' ability to name a diversity of concussion symptoms or to report seeking medical attention after a concussion did not improve in the postlegislation period relative to the prelegislation period. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS:   Legislation has been passed in all 50 states to address concussions in student-athletes; however, improvements are still needed. Concussion education must be delivered in a uniform, effective manner to all student-athletes across sports and genders. Concussion education should emphasize the diversity of symptoms, especially cognitive and behavioral symptoms. We must develop and disseminate evidence-based educational programs that are clinically proven to be effective in improving athletes' knowledge and behaviors.  Keywords: American football; <p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1062-6050",
doi="10.4085/1062-6050-52.3.08",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-52.3.08"
}