@article{ref1,
title="Adolescents' exposure to paid alcohol advertising on television and their alcohol use: exploring associations over a 13-year period",
journal="Addiction",
year="2017",
author="White, V. and Azar, D. and Faulkner, A. and Coomber, K. and Durkin, S. and Livingston, M. and Chikritzhs, T. and Room, Robin G. W. and Wakefield, M.",
volume="112",
number="10",
pages="1742-1751",
abstract="AIMS: To determine i) whether Australian adolescents' exposure to television alcohol advertisements changed between 1999 and 2011 and ii) examine the association between television alcohol advertising and adolescent drinking behaviours. <br><br>DESIGN: Cross-sectional surveys conducted every three years between 1999 and 2011. Analyses examined associations between advertising exposures and reported drinking. SETTING: Five Australian major cities. PARTICIPANTS: Students aged 12-17 years participating in a triennial nationally representative school-based survey residing in the television advertising markets associated with the major cities (sample size range per survey: 12644 to 16004). MEASUREMENTS: Outcome measures were: drinking in the past month, past week, and past-week risky drinking (5+ drinks on a day). The key predictor variable was past-month adolescent-directed alcohol advertising Targeted Rating Points (TRPs, a measure of television advertising exposure). Control measures included student level characteristics, government alcohol-control advertising TRPs, road-safety (drink-driving) TRPs and time of survey. <br><br>FINDINGS: Average monthly adolescent alcohol TRPs increased between 1999 (mean=2371) to 2005 (mean=2679) (p<.01) then decreased between 2005 and 2011: (mean=880) (p<.01). Multilevel logistic regression analyses that adjusted for survey timing, student level factors and alcohol-control advertising variables, showed a significant association between past-month alcohol TRPs and past-month drinking (odds ratio [OR]=1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.16), past-week drinking (OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.03-1.14) and past-week risky drinking (OR=1.16, 95% CI: 1.08-1.25). Past-week risky drinking was inversely associated with road-safety TRPs (OR=0.69 (95% CI: 0.49-0.98). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: While Australian adolescents' exposure to alcohol advertising on television reduced between 1999 and 2011, higher levels of past-month television alcohol advertising were associated with an increased likelihood of adolescents drinking. The reduction in television alcohol advertising in Australia in the late 2000s may have played a part in reducing adolescent's drinking prevalence.<br><br>This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0965-2140",
doi="10.1111/add.13873",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.13873"
}