@article{ref1,
title="Cross-cultural variation in the association between family's socioeconomic status and adolescent alcohol use",
journal="Drug and alcohol review",
year="2017",
author="Gomes de Matos, Elena and Kraus, Ludwig and Hannemann, Tessa-Virginia and Soellner, Renate and Piontek, Daniela",
volume="36",
number="6",
pages="797-804",
abstract="INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: This study estimates cross-country variation in socioeconomic disparities in adolescent alcohol use and identifies country-level characteristics associated with these disparities. DESIGN AND METHODS: The association between socioeconomic status (family wealth and parental education) and alcohol use (lifetime use and episodic heavy drinking) of 15- to 16-year-olds from 32 European countries was investigated. Country-level characteristics were national income, income inequality and per capita alcohol consumption. Multilevel modelling was applied. <br><br>RESULTS: Across countries, lifetime use was lower in wealthy than in less wealthy families (odds ratio [OR](girls)  = 0.95, OR(boys)  = 0.94). The risk of episodic heavy drinking, in contrast, was higher for children from wealthier families (OR(girls)  = 1.04, OR(boys)  = 1.08) and lower when parents were highly educated (ORs = 0.95-0.98). Socioeconomic disparities varied substantially between countries. National wealth and income inequality were associated with cross-country variation of disparities in lifetime use in few comparisons, such that among girls, the (negative) effect of family wealth was greatest in countries with unequally distributed income (OR = 0.86). Among boys, the (negative) effect of family wealth was greatest in low-income countries (OR = 1.00), and the (positive) effect of mothers' education was greatest in countries with high income inequality (OR = 1.11). <br><br>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic disparities in adolescent alcohol use vary across European countries. Broad country-level indicators can explain this variation only to a limited extent, but results point towards slightly greater socioeconomic disparities in drinking in countries of low national income and countries with a high income inequality. [Gomes de Matos E, Kraus L, Hannemann T-V, Soellner R, Piontek D. Cross-cultural variation in the association between family's socioeconomic status and adolescent alcohol use. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;00:000-000].<br><br>© 2017 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0959-5236",
doi="10.1111/dar.12569",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dar.12569"
}