@article{ref1,
title="Aggressive and non-violent videogames: short-term psychological and cardiovascular effects on habitual players",
journal="Stress and Health",
year="2004",
author="Baldaro, B and Tuozzi, G and Codispoti, M and Montebarocci, O and Barbagli, F and Trombini, E and Rossi, N",
volume="20",
number="4",
pages="203-208",
abstract="The purpose of this study is to evaluate the short-term effects on several physiological (arterial pressure and heart rate) and psychological (anxiety and aggressiveness) indexes of playing violent and non-violent videogames in young adults. The study was carried out on a sample of 22 male participants. Subjects invited to participate in the study were recruited from a videogame leisure club. Before and during playing either a violent or non-violent computer game, blood pressure and heart rate were measured. Before and after the game session, the subjects completed the State-Anxiety Inventory-Y (STAI-Y) and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. The results of the study showed a range of short-term effects of playing violent and non-violent videogames on arterial pressure and on the state anxiety of subjects, but not on hostility measurements. More specifically, the group that played the violent videogames showed a significant increase in the state anxiety score at the end of the game, as compared to the pre-game self-evaluation, and an increase in the systolic blood pressure while the subjects were playing as compared to pre- and post-game values. A decrease in diastolic blood pressure after playing any game was also found.   <p></p>",
language="",
issn="1532-3005",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}