@article{ref1,
title="Cyclist head and facial injury risk in relation to helmet fit: a case-control study",
journal="Chronic diseases and injuries in Canada",
year="2014",
author="Romanow, N. R. and Hagel, Brent Edward and Williamson, J. and Rowe, Brian H.",
volume="34",
number="1",
pages="1-11",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: We examined the effect of bicycle helmet fit and position on head and facial injuries. <br><br>METHODS: Cases were helmeted cyclists with a head (n = 297) or facial (n = 289) injury. Controls were helmeted cyclists with other injuries, excluding the neck. Participants were interviewed in seven Alberta emergency departments or by telephone; injury data were collected from charts. Missing values were imputed using chained equations and custom prediction imputation models. <br><br>RESULTS: Compared with excellent helmet fit, those with poor fit had increased odds of head injury (odds ratio [OR] = 3.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-10.74). Compared with a helmet that stayed centred, those whose helmet tilted back (OR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.54-5.47), shifted (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.01-3.63) or came off (OR = 6.72, 95% CI: 2.86-15.82) had higher odds of head injury. A helmet that tilted back (OR = 4.81, 95% CI: 2.74-8.46), shifted (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.04-3.19) or came off (OR = 3.31, 95% CI: 1.24-8.85) also increased the odds of facial injury. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Our findings have implications for consumer and retail education programs.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1925-6515",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}