@article{ref1,
title="Predictors of insomnia symptoms and nightmares among individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder: an ecological momentary assessment study",
journal="Journal of sleep research",
year="2018",
author="Short, Nicole A. and Allan, Nicholas P. and Stentz, Lauren and Portero, Amberly K. and Schmidt, Norman B.",
volume="27",
number="1",
pages="64-72",
abstract="Despite the high levels of comorbidity between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and sleep disturbance, little research has examined the predictors of insomnia and nightmares in this population. The current study tested both PTSD-specific (i.e. PTSD symptoms, comorbid anxiety and depression, nightmares and fear of sleep) and insomnia-specific (i.e. dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, insomnia-related safety behaviours and daily stressors) predictors of sleep quality, efficiency and nightmares in a sample of 30 individuals with PTSD. Participants participated in ecological momentary assessment to determine how daily changes in PTSD- and insomnia-related factors lead to changes in sleep. Multi-level modelling analyses indicated that, after accounting for baseline PTSD symptom severity, PTSD-specific factors were associated with insomnia symptoms, but insomnia-specific factors were not. Only daytime PTSD symptoms and fear of sleep predicted nightmares. Both sleep- and PTSD-related factors play a role in maintaining insomnia among those with PTSD, while nightmares seem to be linked more closely with only PTSD-related factors.<br><br>© 2017 European Sleep Research Society.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0962-1105",
doi="10.1111/jsr.12589",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12589"
}