@article{ref1,
title="High-risk driving behaviors among 12th grade students: differences between alcohol-only and alcohol mixed with energy drink users",
journal="Substance use and misuse",
year="2018",
author="Williams, Ronald D. and Housman, Jeff M. and Woolsey, Conrad L. and Sather, Thomas E.",
volume="53",
number="1",
pages="137-142",
abstract="BACKGROUND: About 30% of high school students use energy drinks. Alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) has been associated with higher rates of risky driving among college students. <br><br>OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to: (a) examine AmED-use in a sample of high school students and (b) to specifically investigate differences in risky driving behaviors between 12th grade students who engaged in AmED-use and those who consumed alcohol only. <br><br>METHODS: Differences in risky driving behaviors were investigated by utilizing secondary data analyses of nationally representative data from the Monitoring the Future Study (N = 1305). <br><br>RESULTS: 12th grade AmED users were significantly more likely to be in a motor vehicle accident (p <.001) and receive a ticket for a traffic violation (p <.05). Additionally, 12th grade AmED users were significantly less likely to wear a seatbelt as a driver or passenger (p <.001). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS/Importance: Although this study does not link risky driving behaviors to specific drinking events, it does indicate a relationship between AmED-use and high-risk driving. Because traffic accidents are the highest cause of mortality among U.S. teenagers, drug education efforts to reduce high-risk driving behaviors should include information on the decision-making and synergistic effects of energy drinks when mixed with alcohol.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1082-6084",
doi="10.1080/10826084.2017.1327973",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2017.1327973"
}