@article{ref1,
title="The temporal relations of PTSD symptoms among treatment-seeking victims of sexual assault: a longitudinal study",
journal="Journal of loss and trauma",
year="2016",
author="Hyland, Philip and Shevlin, Mark and Hansen, Maj and Vallières, Frédérique and Murphy, Jamie and Elklit, Ask",
volume="21",
number="6",
pages="492-506",
abstract="This prospective study assessed the temporal relationships between the symptom clusters of PTSD in two nonprobability samples of treatment-seeking victims of sexual abuse: rape victims and adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Both groups were assessed at three time periods using self-report measures of PTSD symptomology. <br><br>FINDINGS from two cross-lagged panel analyses indicated weak temporal relationships between the symptom clusters of PTSD; however, avoidance and emotional numbing symptoms were found to exert the strongest cross-lagged effects. Avoidance and emotional numbing symptoms were also found to be the strongest predictor of subsequently meeting caseness for PTSD in both samples. <br><br>RESULTS suggest that there are minimal cross-lagged effects between the PTSD symptom clusters after three months from traumatic exposure.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1532-5024",
doi="10.1080/15325024.2015.1117933",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2015.1117933"
}