@article{ref1,
title="A meta-analytic review of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory--2nd edition (MMPI-2) profile elevations following traumatic brain injury",
journal="Psychological injury and law",
year="2016",
author="Edmundson, Maryanne and Berry, David T. R. and High, Walter M. and Shandera-Ochsner, Anne L. and Harp, Jordan P. and Koehl, Lisa M.",
volume="9",
number="2",
pages="121-142",
abstract="Psychologists often use the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and, more recently, its successor, the MMPI-2, to assess personality and psychological disturbances following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The present meta-analysis examined the pattern of mean Hedges' d values on MMPI-2 validity (L, F, K) and clinical (1-4, 6-0) scales in individuals with TBI. Database keyword searches yielded ten studies providing post-TBI MMPI-2 profiles. Studies were required to include a pure TBI sample, individuals who were ≥18 at injury, and means and standard deviations for most MMPI-2 clinical scales. Analyses showed large effects for MMPI-2 scales F, 1, 2, 3, 7, and 8. Using Q statistics, moderating effects were found for TBI severity on scale 7 and for compensation-seeking/litigation status on scales 1, 2, 3, and 7. No significant effects were found for time post-injury. The available information was insufficient to examine the effect of lesion location, pre-injury personality and psychopathology, or time post-injury for samples with differing injury severities on MMPI-2 profiles. <br><br>RESULTS suggest that individuals with TBI report significant levels of psychopathology that may be moderated by TBI severity and compensation-seeking/litigation status. <br><br>DISCUSSION includes a literature critique given the meta-analytic findings and implications for future study of personality following TBI.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1938-971X",
doi="10.1007/s12207-015-9236-0",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12207-015-9236-0"
}