@article{ref1,
title="Gender differences in trauma types and themes in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder",
journal="Journal of loss and trauma",
year="2017",
author="Krupnick, Janice L.",
volume="22",
number="6",
pages="514-525",
abstract="BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine whether there were gender differences in trauma types and cognitive-emotional themes among veterans with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). <br><br>METHODS: Case notes or writing excerpts from two pilot studies were reviewed to determine types of traumas and emerging themes, with 20 women and 31 men comprising the sample. <br><br>RESULTS: Most women developed PTSD after sexual assault, with reactions emphasizing mistrust, betrayal, and anger. Men experienced more combat, with reactions including survivor guilt, moral injury, and horror. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Both genders developed PTSD, but the causes of and reactions to their traumas differed. Emerging themes can be useful treatment foci.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1532-5024",
doi="10.1080/15325024.2017.1335151",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2017.1335151"
}