@article{ref1,
title="Epidemiology and clinics of mushroom poisoning in Northern Italy: a 21-year retrospective analysis",
journal="Human and experimental toxicology",
year="2018",
author="Cervellin, G. and Comelli, I. and Rastelli, G. and Sanchis-Gomar, F. and Negri, F. and De Luca, C. and Lippi, G.",
volume="37",
number="7",
pages="697-703",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Limited information exists about epidemiology and management of mushroom poisoning. We analyzed and described epidemiology, clinical presentation, and clinical course of mushroom-poisoned patients admitted to emergency departments (EDs) of the Province of Parma, Italy. <br><br>METHODS: Data from the database of mycological service were matched with clinical information retrieved from hospitals' database, from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2016. <br><br>RESULTS: Mycologist consultation was obtained in 379/443 identified mushroom poisonings. A remarkable seasonality was found, with significant peak in autumn. Thanks to the collaboration, the implicated species could be identified in 397 cases (89.6%); 108 cases (24.4%) were due to edible mushrooms, Boletus edulis being the most represented (63 cases). Overall, 408 (92%) cases presented with gastrointestinal toxicity. Twenty cases of amatoxin poisoning were recorded (11 Amanita phalloides and 9 Lepiota brunneoincarnata). One liver transplantation was needed. We observed 13 cases of cholinergic toxicity and 2 cases of hallucinogenic toxicity. Finally, 46 cases were due to &quot;mixed&quot; toxicities, and a total of 69 needed hospitalization. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Early identification and management of potentially life-threatening cases is challenging in the ED, so that a mycologist service on call is highly advisable, especially during periods characterized by the highest incidence of poisoning.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0960-3271",
doi="10.1177/0960327117730882",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327117730882"
}