@article{ref1,
title="Longitudinal associations between gender and ethnic-racial identity felt pressure from family and peers and self-esteem among African American and Latino/a youth",
journal="Journal of youth and adolescence",
year="2018",
author="Aoyagi, Keiko and Santos, Carlos E. and Updegraff, Kimberly A.",
volume="47",
number="1",
pages="207-221",
abstract="Gender identity felt pressure is negatively associated with adjustment indices, including self-esteem, among children and early adolescents, and both gender and ethnic-racial identity felt pressure are negatively associated with self-esteem among young adults. This study explored the longitudinal associations between gender identity and ethnic-racial identity felt pressure from family and peers to behave in either gender or race/ethnic-accordant ways, and self-esteem among a sample of 750 (49.2% female) African American (n = 194) and Latino/a youth (n = 556) (M = 12.10 years, SD = .97 years). For African Americans, the results revealed significant negative longitudinal associations between (a) ethnic-racial identity felt pressure from family at Time 1 and self-esteem at Time 2 and (b) ethnic-racial identity felt pressure from peers at Time 1 and self-esteem at Time 2, controlling for self-esteem at Time 1. These associations were not found among Latinos/as, nor were associations found between gender identity felt pressure from peers or family and self-esteem. The findings are discussed by drawing on the gender identity and ethnic-racial identity literatures.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0047-2891",
doi="10.1007/s10964-017-0750-0",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0750-0"
}