@article{ref1,
title="The role of concussion history and gender in recovery from soccer-related concussion",
journal="American journal of sports medicine",
year="2009",
author="Colvin, Alexis Chiang and Mullen, Jimmy and Lovell, Mark R. and West, Robin Vereeke and Collins, Micky W. and Groh, Megan",
volume="37",
number="9",
pages="1699-1704",
abstract="BACKGROUND: This study was designed to investigate differences in recovery in male and female soccer athletes. HYPOTHESES: Soccer players with a history of concussion will perform worse on neurocognitive testing than players without a history of concussion. Furthermore, female athletes will demonstrate poorer performance on neurocognitive testing than male athletes. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study (prognosis): Level of evidence, 2. <br><br>METHODS: Computer-based neuropsychological testing using reaction time, memory, and visual motor-speed composite scores of the ImPACT test battery was performed postconcussion in soccer players ranging in age from 8 to 24 years (N = 234; 141 females, 93 males). A multivariate analysis of variance was conducted to examine group differences in neurocognitive performance between male and female athletes with and without a history of concussion. <br><br>RESULTS: Soccer players with a history of at least 1 previous concussion performed significantly worse on ImPACT than those who had not sustained a prior concussion (F = 2.92, P =.03). In addition, female soccer players performed worse on neurocognitive testing (F = 2.72, P =.05) and also reported more symptoms (F = 20.1, P =.00001) than male soccer players. There was no significant difference in body mass index between male and female players (F =.04, P =.85). <br><br>CONCLUSION: A history of concussion and gender may account for significant differences in postconcussive neurocognitive test scores in soccer players and may play a role in determining recovery. These differences do not appear to reflect differences in mass between genders and may be related to other gender-specific factors that deserve further study.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0363-5465",
doi="10.1177/0363546509332497",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546509332497"
}