@article{ref1,
title="Easiness of legal access to concealed firearm permits and homicide rates in the United States",
journal="American journal of public health",
year="2017",
author="Siegel, Michael and Xuan, Ziming and Ross, Craig S. and Galea, Sandro and Kalesan, Bindu and Fleegler, Eric and Goss, Kristin A.",
volume="107",
number="12",
pages="1923-1929",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: To examine the relation of &quot;shall-issue&quot; laws, in which permits must be issued if requisite criteria are met; &quot;may-issue&quot; laws, which give law enforcement officials wide discretion over whether to issue concealed firearm carry permits or not; and homicide rates. <br><br>METHODS: We compared homicide rates in shall-issue and may-issue states and total, firearm, nonfirearm, handgun, and long-gun homicide rates in all 50 states during the 25-year period of 1991 to 2015. We included year and state fixed effects and numerous state-level factors in the analysis. <br><br>RESULTS: Shall-issue laws were significantly associated with 6.5% higher total homicide rates, 8.6% higher firearm homicide rates, and 10.6% higher handgun homicide rates, but were not significantly associated with long-gun or nonfirearm homicide. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Shall-issue laws are associated with significantly higher rates of total, firearm-related, and handgun-related homicide. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print October 19, 2017: e1-e7. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304057).<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0090-0036",
doi="10.2105/AJPH.2017.304057",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304057"
}