@article{ref1,
title="The occurrence of early impaired self-awareness after traumatic brain injury and its relationship with emotional distress and psychosocial functioning",
journal="Brain injury",
year="2017",
author="Geytenbeek, Megan and Fleming, Jennifer and Doig, Emmah and Ownsworth, Tamara",
volume="31",
number="13-14",
pages="1791-1798",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To describe the occurrence of impaired self-awareness (ISA) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its association with emotional distress and psychosocial functioning following discharge. <br><br>DESIGN: Prospective cohort design with data collection at discharge and 1-, 3- and 6-month follow-up. PARTICIPANTS: 81 adults with TBI. MEASURES: Self-awareness was measured using a discrepancy score generated from the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Index (MPAI-4) Ability subscale, and significant other's ratings of Item 20 on the MPAI-4. Other measures were the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 and Sydney Psychosocial and Reintegration Scale. <br><br>RESULTS: The discrepancy score method identified more cases of ISA than the single-item rating by significant others. Using discrepancy scores, the occurrence of ISA was 69.1% at discharge, and for those remaining in the study 6 months later, it was 54.3%. Better self-awareness was associated with greater anxiety at discharge, and stress at discharge, 3 and 6 months later, and better psychosocial functioning at all time points. Participants with ISA had significantly poorer relationships at 6 months post-discharge after controlling for injury severity. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Whilst self-awareness is associated with greater stress in patients with TBI, it is also associated with better outcomes, indicating the importance of targeting ISA in rehabilitation.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0269-9052",
doi="10.1080/02699052.2017.1346297",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2017.1346297"
}