@article{ref1,
title="Head impact exposure in youth soccer and variation by age and sex",
journal="Clinical journal of sport medicine",
year="2019",
author="Chrisman, Sara P. D. and Ebel, Beth E. and Stein, Elizabeth and Lowry, Sarah J. and Rivara, Frederick P.",
volume="29",
number="1",
pages="3-10",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To examine variation in head impact exposure (HIE) by age and sex in youth soccer. <br><br>DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Youth soccer athletes (11-14 years old) in local clubs. <br><br>EXPOSURES: Age and sex. OUTCOME MEASURES: Head impact exposure measured using adhesive-mounted accelerometers during 1 month of soccer. <br><br>RESULTS: Forty-six youth athletes (54% female) participated. No athlete reported a concussion during the study. More males than females had at least 1 head impact ≥15 g (P = 0.02). Of those who sustained a head impact above the 15-g threshold (57%), females sustained HIE of greater magnitude than males (median 47.4 g vs 33.3 g, P = 0.04). Eighty-five percent of athletes on U14 teams had at least 1 head impact ≥15 g compared with 15% of athletes on U12 teams (P < 0.001). Poisson regression stratified by sex and controlling for team-suggested age effects were significant only for females (P = 0.02). There was significant variation in HIE by team. There were no decrements in concussion symptoms, health-related quality of life, or neuropsychological testing after 1 month of soccer play. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: There is significant variation in HIE in youth soccer, which seems to be influenced by age and sex. Further studies are needed to better understand potential significance for injury prevention.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1050-642X",
doi="10.1097/JSM.0000000000000497",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000000497"
}