@article{ref1,
title="An intelligent IoT emergency vehicle warning system using RFID and WiFi technologies for emergency medical services",
journal="Technology and health care",
year="2018",
author="Lai, Yeong-Lin and Chou, Yung-Hua and Chang, Li-Chih",
volume="26",
number="1",
pages="43-55",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Collisions between emergency vehicles for emergency medical services (EMS) and public road users have been a serious problem, impacting on the safety of road users, emergency medical technicians (EMTs), and the patients on board. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to develop a novel intelligent emergency vehicle warning system for EMS applications. <br><br>METHODS: The intelligent emergency vehicle warning system is developed by Internet of Things (IoT), radio-frequency identification (RFID), and WiFi technologies. <br><br>RESULTS: The system consists of three major parts: a system trigger tag, an RFID system in an emergency vehicle, and an RFID system at an intersection. The RFID system either in an emergency vehicle or at an intersection contains a controller, an ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) RFID reader module, a WiFi module, and a 2.4-GHz antenna. In addition, a UHF ID antenna is especially designed for the RFID system in an emergency vehicle. The IoT system provides real-time visual warning at an intersection and siren warning from an emergency vehicle in order to effectively inform road users about an emergency vehicle approaching. <br><br>CONCLUSION: The developed intelligent IoT emergency vehicle warning system demonstrates the capabilities of real-time visual and siren warnings for EMS safety.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0928-7329",
doi="10.3233/THC-171405",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/THC-171405"
}