@article{ref1,
title="Falls and hip fractures associated with urinary incontinence among older men and women with complex needs: a national population study",
journal="Neurourology and urodynamics",
year="2018",
author="Schluter, Philip J. and Arnold, Edwin P. and Jamieson, Hamish A.",
volume="37",
number="4",
pages="1336-1343",
abstract="AIMS: To determine if urinary incontinence (UI) was an independent risk factor for falls and hip fractures in community-dwelling older men and women with complex needs, after controlling for confounders. <br><br>METHODS: Since 2012, all community care recipients in New Zealand have undergone standardized needs assessments using the Home Care International Residential Assessment Instrument (interRAI-HC). The interRAI-HC elicits information over multiple domains, including UI frequency and falls. Those aged 65+ years with assessment between July 1, 2012 and May 31, 2014 without collection devices or indwelling catheters were matched to hospital, mortality, and pharmaceutical databases, and apposite regression models applied. <br><br>RESULTS: Overall, 25 257 (37.5%) men and 42 032 (62.5%) women were eligible, with average age of 82.7 years (range: 65, 106 years). Incontinence was reported by 34.3% of men and 42.6% of women, falls within 90 days by 42.7% of men and 39.1% of women; and fractures recorded for 2.5% of men and 3.7% of women. In multivariable analysis, UI was significantly associated with falls (P < 0.001), and differentially related by sex (P < 0.001). Compared to continent participants, the odds of increasing falls risk was 1.69 (95% CI: 1.57, 1.82) for men with frequent incontinence and 1.53 (95% CI: 1.43, 1.64) for men with occasional continence; higher than the 1.39 (95% CI: 1.32, 1.46) and 1.33 (95% CI: 1.26, 1.39), respectively, for women. UI was not associated with hip fractures. <br><br>CONCLUSION: UI is a common independent risk factor for falls but not hip fractures. Patterns are different between men and women with complex needs.<br><br>© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0733-2467",
doi="10.1002/nau.23442",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nau.23442"
}