@article{ref1,
title="The effect of negative school climate on academic outcomes for LGBT youth and the role of in-school supports",
journal="Journal of school violence",
year="2013",
author="Kosciw, Joseph G. and Palmer, Neal A. and Kull, Ryan M. and Greytak, Emily A.",
volume="12",
number="1",
pages="45-63",
abstract="For many lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth, intolerance and prejudice make school a hostile and dangerous place. This study examined simultaneously the effects of a negative school climate on achievement and the role that school-based supports--safe school policies, supportive school personnel, and gay-straight alliance (GSA) clubs--may have in offsetting these effects. Data were drawn from a survey of a diverse sample of 5,730 LGBT youths who had attended secondary schools in the United States. <br><br>RESULTS from structural equation modeling showed that victimization contributed to lower academic outcomes and lower self-esteem; however, school-based supports contributed to lower victimization and better academic outcomes. Moderating effects of supports on esteem and academic outcomes were also examined through hierarchical linear regression. <br><br>RESULTS suggested that a hostile school climate has serious ramifications for LGBT students but institutional supports can play a significant role in making schools safer for these students.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1538-8220",
doi="10.1080/15388220.2012.732546",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2012.732546"
}