@article{ref1,
title="Promoting school engagement: attitudes toward school among American and Japanese youth",
journal="Journal of school violence",
year="2010",
author="Smith, Douglas C. and Ito, Ayako and Gruenewald, John and Yeh, Hsiu-Ling",
volume="9",
number="4",
pages="392-406",
abstract="Students from the United States and Japan were surveyed with regard to their levels of satisfaction with school and factors that might facilitate or impede school satisfaction. <br><br>RESULTS indicated that females and younger students from both countries expressed greater satisfaction with school, with overall satisfaction declining in a linear fashion according to age in the Japanese sample. Among U.S. students, school satisfaction declined significantly in middle school but rebounded, to some extent, in later grades. For both samples, a positive school climate featuring positive peer relationships, high levels of nurturance and support, and opportunities for autonomy predicted school satisfaction. <br><br>RESULTS of the study are discussed in terms of implications for enhancing motivation and engagement among students from various cultural backgrounds.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1538-8220",
doi="10.1080/15388220.2010.509308",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2010.509308"
}