@article{ref1,
title="Violence against emergency medical services personnel: a systematic review of the literature",
journal="American journal of industrial medicine",
year="2018",
author="Maguire, Brian J. and O'Meara, Peter and O'Neill, Barbara J. and Brightwell, Richard",
volume="61",
number="2",
pages="167-180",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Violence against emergency medical services (EMS) personnel is a growing concern. The aim of this systematic review is to synthesize the current literature on violence against EMS personnel. <br><br>METHODS: We examined literature from 2000 to 2016. Eligibility criteria included English-language, peer-reviewed studies of EMS personnel that described violence or assaults. Sixteen searches identified 2655 studies; 25 studies from nine countries met the inclusion criteria. <br><br>RESULTS: The evidence from this review demonstrates that violence is a common risk for EMS personnel. We identified three critical topic areas: changes in risk over time, economic impact of violence and, outcomes of risk-reduction interventions. There is a lack of peer reviewed research of interventions, with the result that current intervention programs have no reliable evidence base. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: EMS leaders and personnel should work together with researchers to design, implement, evaluate and publish intervention studies designed to mitigate risks of violence to EMS personnel.<br><br>© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0271-3586",
doi="10.1002/ajim.22797",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22797"
}