@article{ref1,
title="Substance-abusing female offenders as victims: chronological sequencing of pathways into the criminal justice system",
journal="Victims and offenders",
year="2017",
author="Smith, Vivian C.",
volume="12",
number="1",
pages="113-137",
abstract="This study assesses the entrance of substance-abusing female offenders (N = 1,209) into the criminal justice system through temporal patterns (using age of first victimization, drug use, and arrest). Nine pathways were identified. Unexpectedly, the leading path was a sequence where drug use preceded arrest in absence of childhood victimization. However, women under a path inclusive of victimization possessed more risk factors. <br><br>FINDINGS support feminist pathway research, which states that childhood victimization is generally present in female offenders' lives. Nevertheless, results also revealed that a drug pathway without childhood abuse proved to be as important and even more dominant among criminal justice-involved women.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1556-4886",
doi="10.1080/15564886.2015.1017131",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2015.1017131"
}