@article{ref1,
title="Anxiety and depression during childhood and adolescence: testing theoretical models of continuity and discontinuity",
journal="Journal of abnormal child psychology",
year="2018",
author="Cohen, Joseph R. and Andrews, Arthur R. and Davis, Megan M. and Rudolph, Karen D.",
volume="46",
number="6",
pages="1295-1308",
abstract="The present study sought to clarify the trajectory (i.e., continuous vs. discontinuous) and expression (i.e., homotypic vs. heterotypic) of anxiety and depressive symptoms across childhood and adolescence. We utilized a state-of-the-science analytic approach to simultaneously test theoretical models that describe the development of internalizing symptoms in youth. In a sample of 636 children (53% female; M age = 7.04; SD age = 0.35) self-report measures of anxiety and depression were completed annually by youth through their freshman year of high school. For both anxiety and depression, a piecewise growth curve model provided the best fit for the data, with symptoms decreasing until age 12 (the &quot;developmental knot&quot;) and then increasing into early adolescence. The trajectory of anxiety symptoms was best described by a discontinuous homotypic pattern in which childhood anxiety predicted adolescent anxiety. For depression, two distinct pathways were discovered: A discontinuous homotypic pathway in which childhood depression predicted adolescent depression and a discontinuous heterotypic pathway in which childhood anxiety predicted adolescent depression. Analytical, methodological, and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0091-0627",
doi="10.1007/s10802-017-0370-x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-017-0370-x"
}