@article{ref1,
title="Community violence exposure and substance use: cross-cultural and gender perspectives",
journal="European child and adolescent psychiatry",
year="2018",
author="Löfving-Gupta, Sandra and Willebrand, Mimmie and Koposov, Roman and Blatný, Marek and Hrdlicka, Michal and Schwab-Stone, Mary E. and Ruchkin, Vladislav",
volume="27",
number="4",
pages="493-500",
abstract="The negative effects of community violence exposure on child and adolescent mental health are well documented and exposure to community violence has been linked both to a number of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Our aim was, therefore, to investigate cross-cultural and gender differences in the relationship between community violence exposure and substance abuse. A self-report survey was conducted among 10,575, 12-18 year old adolescents in three different countries, Czech Republic (N = 4537), Russia (N = 2377) and US (N = 3661). We found that in all three countries both substance use and problem behavior associated with it increased similarly along with severity of violence exposure and this association was not gender-specific. It was concluded that in spite of the differences in the levels of violence exposure and substance use cross-culturally and by gender, the pattern of their association is neither culturally nor gender bound.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1018-8827",
doi="10.1007/s00787-017-1097-5",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-017-1097-5"
}