@article{ref1,
title="Epidemiology of injuries sustained as a result of intentional player contact in high school football, ice hockey, and lacrosse: 2005-2006 through 2015-2016",
journal="Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine",
year="2017",
author="Bartley, Justin H. and Murray, Monica F. and Kraeutler, Matthew J. and Pierpoint, Lauren A. and Welton, K. Linnea and McCarty, Eric C. and Comstock, R. Dawn",
volume="5",
number="12",
pages="e2325967117740887-e2325967117740887",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Lacrosse and ice hockey are quickly growing in popularity, while American football remains the most popular sport among high school student-athletes in the USA. Injuries remain a concern, given the physical nature of these contact sports. <br><br>PURPOSE: To describe the rates and patterns of injuries sustained as a result of intentional player contact in United States high school boys' football, ice hockey, and lacrosse. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. <br><br>METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of High School RIO (Reporting Information Online) data, including exposure and injury data collected from a large sample of high schools in the United States from 2005-2006 through 2015-2016. Data were analyzed to calculate rates, assess patterns, and evaluate potential risk factors for player-to-player contact injuries. <br><br>RESULTS: A total of 34,532 injuries in boys' football, ice hockey, and lacrosse occurred during 9,078,902 athlete-exposures (AEs), for a rate of 3.80 injuries per 1000 AEs in the 3 contact sports of interest. The risk of injuries was found to be greater in competition compared with practice for all 3 sports, with the largest difference in ice hockey (rate ratio, 8.28) and the smallest difference in lacrosse (rate ratio, 3.72). In all 3 contact sports, the most commonly injured body site in competition and practice caused by both tackling/checking and being tackled/checked was the head/face. However, a significantly greater proportion of concussions sustained in football were the result of tackling compared with being tackled (28.2% vs 24.1%, respectively). In addition, a significantly greater proportion of concussions were sustained in competition compared with practice for all 3 sports. <br><br>CONCLUSION: This study is the first to collectively compare injury rates and injury patterns sustained from intentional player-to-player contact in boys' high school football, ice hockey, and lacrosse. Notably, there was a relatively high risk of injuries and concussions during football practices.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2325-9671",
doi="10.1177/2325967117740887",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967117740887"
}