@article{ref1,
title="Beyond "just saying no": a preliminary evaluation of strategies college students use to refuse sexual activity",
journal="Archives of sexual behavior",
year="2018",
author="Marcantonio, Tiffany L. and Jozkowski, Kristen N. and Lo, Wen-Juo",
volume="47",
number="2",
pages="341-351",
abstract="Preventing sexual assault is a core goal for universities as prevalence rates of sexual assault remain high, particularly among college students. A key mechanism thought to decrease rates of sexual assault is teaching college students how to give clear, explicit, verbal refusals. However, there is a paucity of research regarding how college students refuse sex. Thus, the purpose of this study was to understand different behavioral strategies college students would use to refuse sex. A sample of 773 heterosexual college students (523 women, 250 men) were recruited from two large southern universities in the USA to complete a survey on sexual communication. Thirty-eight items assessing verbal and behavioral cues that college students would use to refuse vaginal-penile sex were written based on previous, formative research. Items were assessed by the research team through an exploratory factor analyses, followed by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The results yielded a three-factor structure: direct nonverbal refusals, direct verbal refusals, and indirect nonverbal refusals; CFA results suggested a good fit index for the model. Two independent sample t tests were conducted to examine differences in refusal cues across gender and relationship status; significant differences in refusals emerged for both. The three-factor structure depicting refusal cues was similar to previous work depicting cues college students use to communicate sexual consent; such information could inform sexual assault prevention programming.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0004-0002",
doi="10.1007/s10508-017-1130-2",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-017-1130-2"
}