@article{ref1,
title="Fatigue in transport: a review of exposure, risks, checks and controls",
journal="Transport reviews",
year="2017",
author="Phillips, Ross Owen and Kecklund, Göran and Anund, Anne and Sallinen, Mikael",
volume="37",
number="6",
pages="742-766",
abstract="Human fatigue continues to threaten safe transport. There are claims that employers of operators should do more to mitigate the risks, and several regulators are promoting fatigue-risk management in the context of safety management systems (SMS). The current paper reviews fatigue-related risk and exposure factors and control measures for operators of land- and sea-based transport forms. Our review identifies 13 types of measures for the monitoring or control of fatigue risks: optimal staffing; optimal schedule design; optimisation of breaks/naps; monitoring of actual hours worked; optimisation of work content; monitoring and feedback of actual sleep; health screening and treatment; promotion of recovery from work; fitness-for-duty testing; monitoring of fatigue symptoms while operating; control of fatigue while operating; performance monitoring and assistance; and fatigue-proofing. We also identify two systemic measures needed to anchor risk mitigation in SMS: organisational learning and training/other. By structuring monitoring and control measures along Dawson and McCulloch's [Managing fatigue: It's about sleep. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 9(5), 365-380] fatigue-risk trajectory, a framework is obtained that acts as a guide for fatigue-risk management by transport employers. To inform transport managers further, evaluations are needed of the effectiveness of individual control measures as well as whole fatigue-risk management interventions.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0144-1647",
doi="10.1080/01441647.2017.1349844",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2017.1349844"
}