@article{ref1,
title="Initial symptom presentation after high school football-related concussion varies by time point in a season: an initial investigation",
journal="Sports medicine open",
year="2018",
author="Brett, Benjamin L. and Kuhn, Andrew W. and Yengo-Kahn, Aaron M. and Kerr, Zachary Y. and Bonfield, Christopher M. and Solomon, Gary S. and Zuckerman, Scott L.",
volume="4",
number="1",
pages="e8-e8",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Schedule-based and in-season factors (e.g., competition type) have been shown to be associated with symptom reporting patterns and injury severity in sport-related concussion (SRC). To determine if acute neurocognitive and symptom presentation following SRC differ by time point within a high school American football season. <br><br>METHODS: Multicenter ambispective cohort of high school football players who sustained a SRC (N = 2594). Timing (early, mid, and late season) of SRC was based on median dates for the start of the pre-season, regular season, and playoffs of each states' football schedules. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) investigated differences across season period groups for: (1) neurocognitive test scores, (2) total symptom scores (TSS), and (3) individual symptom increases from baseline within 1-week post-injury. <br><br>RESULTS: Significant group differences were observed in TSS, F(2, 2589) = 15.40, p <  0.001, ηp2 = 0.01, and individual symptom increases from baseline, F(2, 2591) = 16.40, p <  0.001, ηp2 = 0.01. Significant increases were seen from baseline to both midseason and late season in both TSS, χ2 = 24.40, p <  0.001, Φ = 0.10 and individual symptoms, χ2 = 10.32, p = 0.006, Φ = 0.10. Post hoc tests indicated a linear trend, with late-season injured athletes reporting approximately twice the TSS (13.10 vs. 6.77) and new symptoms (5.70 vs. 2.68) as those with early-season injuries. <br><br>CONCLUSION: In a cohort of American high school football student-athletes, those suffering SRC in the late-season time period had increased acute symptom burden. SRC sustained later in-season may require more conservative management.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2199-1170",
doi="10.1186/s40798-018-0121-8",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40798-018-0121-8"
}