@article{ref1,
title="Errors versus speed on the trail making test: relevance to driving performance",
journal="Accident analysis and prevention",
year="2018",
author="Duncanson, Haley and Hollis, Ann M. and O'Connor, Margaret G.",
volume="113",
number="",
pages="125-130",
abstract="BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Many studies have demonstrated that speed to complete items on the Trail Making Tests (TMT A and TMT B) is useful in the prediction of driving safety. However, there is no consensus regarding optimal &quot;cut scores&quot; to discriminate between safe and unsafe drivers. In this study, we examine TMT speed and errors in drivers referred for a road test. <br><br>DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SETTING: Patients referred for a DriveWise® evaluation at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts. PARTICIPANTS: Drivers age 65 or older were included (total n = 373). Forty-five percent of the sample had been diagnosed with Cognitive Impairment (CI) whereas the remaining participants were in the No Cognitive Impairment (NCI) group. MEASUREMENTS: TMT Parts A & B, Folstein Mini Mental Status Examination, Washington University Road Test. <br><br>RESULTS: CI drivers with TMT A speed exceeding 46 s were more likely to fail the road test whereas TMT B speed was not a sensitive metric in this group. In the No Cognitive Impairment (NCI) group, TMT B speed exceeding 131 s predicted driving impairment whereas TMT A speed was not sensitive. Error scores were not useful in the determination of driving fitness for either group. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study provides useful criteria for health providers working with older people in the determination of driving fitness. <br><br>RESULTS suggest that TMT speed, but not error rate, is associated with road test performance. Based on our work, we advocate that pre-existing dementia should be taken into consideration when using TMT performance as a screen for driving.<br><br>Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0001-4575",
doi="10.1016/j.aap.2018.01.004",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2018.01.004"
}