@article{ref1,
title="Prediction of fire and smoke propagation in an underwater tunnel",
journal="Tunnelling and underground space technology",
year="2007",
author="Petro, Eddy and Reggio, Marcelo and Abanto, Juan and Barrero, Daniel",
volume="22",
number="1",
pages="90-95",
abstract="Different models and solvers are used to calculate the spread of fire and smoke in a tunnel. The methodology for obtaining the numerical solution of this fire dynamics problem involves commercial software and a research program. Both can handle geometries described in three dimensions. Particular emphasis was placed on road tunnels in which vehicles are present. The specific application of this work is a study of a fire scenario in the Louis-Hippolyte-Lafontaine Tunnel which runs under a river in the Montreal area. Besides standard representation, visualization is also used, with elements which consider the optical properties of the phenomenon for a realistic rendering of smoke and fire.",
language="",
issn="0886-7798",
doi="10.1016/j.tust.2005.10.006",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2005.10.006"
}