@article{ref1,
title="High dose alcohol consumption predicts less reduction in post-traumatic stress symptoms after a campus mass shooting",
journal="Anxiety, stress, and coping",
year="2017",
author="Holzman, Jacob B. and Valentiner, David P. and Hannan, Susan M. and Wallace, Douglas G. and Orcutt, Holly K.",
volume="30",
number="6",
pages="609-618",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Recognizing that alcohol might affect subsequent processing of trauma-related information, this study examined whether high dose alcohol consumption (HDAC) following a campus mass shooting affected the relation between shooting exposure and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS).<br><br>METHODS: Female participants (N = 691) recorded levels of physical exposure to the shooting event, alcohol use, and PTSS 1 month following the shooting event and 8 months later.<br><br>RESULTS: No evidence was found to suggest that pre-shooting HDAC moderated the relationship between trauma exposure and PTSS 1 month following the shooting. HDAC in the month following the shooting predicted less resolution of PTSS 8 months later. Specifically, at higher (but not lower) levels of HDAC, shooting exposure was associated with less reduction in PTSS from 1 to 8 months post-trauma. Several alternate explanations were ruled out.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Less reduction in PTSS seems to occur at high levels of both shooting exposure and HDAC. Theoretical implications and directions for future research are discussed.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1061-5806",
doi="10.1080/10615806.2017.1348297",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2017.1348297"
}